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http7/w\AAA/.archive.org/details/t\AAOpsbrpleasurep00lord 


The  Two  P's 


Or  the  pleasure  and 
profit  of  cold  frames 
and  hot  beds,  it  con- 
cerns their  construc- 
tion, the  flowers  and 
vegetables  that  can  be 
grown  in  them  and 
how  to  get  started. 
It  sets  forth  their 
gains  and  advantages 


This  the  Third  Edition 
Published   by 

Lord  &  Burnham   Co« 

Greenhouse  Designers  and  Builders 

1133     BROADWAY.     NEW     ^'ORK 

Branches 
Boston  :  819  Tremont   Building 
Philadelphia:  121  5  Filbert  Street 

Factory 
irvington-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 


Ind 


ex 


A  Bit  About  Frames  in  General  3 

Cold  Frames  3 

Hot  Beds  4 

Storage  Frames  4 

Sub  Frames  4 

Heated  Frames  6 

A  Few  Suggestions  and  Some  Facts  6 

Some  Vegetable  Hints  1  0 

Certain  Flower  Possibilities  I  2 

Good  Positions  for  Frames  1  5 

Planting  Table  16 

Sash,  the  Way  We  Make  Them  18 

Prices  of  Sash  1  9 

Frames,  the  Way  We  Make  Them  20 

Prices  of  Frames  2  1 

Shutters,  Mats  and  Slats,  with  Prices  22 

Frames  Used  in  a  Big  Way  23 

Concerning  the  Matter  of  Payments  24 

Lean-to  Greenhouse  25 

Two  Compartment  Greenhouse    for    Amateurs     26 

One  and  Two  Compartment  Greenhouse, 

Sectional  Iron  Frame  Construction  2  7 

Curvilinear  Greenhouse  30 

Some  Other  Things  We  Do  3  1 


A  Bit  About  Frames 
in  General 

IN  this  little  booklet  we  intend  answering  some  of 
the  queries  that  are  constantly  put  to  us  about 
the  possibilities  of  cold  frames.  The  cold  frame 
business  is  partly  an  advertisement  with  us. 
We  make  them  so  thoroughly  and  of  such  durable 
materials  that  the  money-making  end  is  out  of  the 
question ;  but  we  do  know  that  many  of  our  customers 
become  so  enthusiastic  over  cold  frame  results  that 
they  want  to  go  still  further  and  own  a  practical  little 
greenhouse,  giving  them  a  glass  enclosed  garden 
where  perpetual  summer  exists,  yielding  the  endless 
joys  of  favorite  flowers  and  even  melons  and  cucum- 
bers for  Christmas.  So  when  they  do  want  a 
greenhouse,  if  they  have  already  known  our  cold 
frames,  they  will  com.e  to  us. 

Perhaps  there  is  some  little  confusion  in  the  terms 
"  cold  frames "  and  "  hot  beds."  Cold  frames  are 
those  warmed  by  the  sun  only  ;  hot  beds  by  an  under 
bed  of  manure  giving  heat  by  its  fermentation. 

Cold  frames  and  hot  beds  are  really  sort  of  small 
greenhouses  and  not  half  the  people  know  their 
possibilities,  or  that  they  will  yield  bountiful  returns 
every  month  in  the  year.  So  many  hold  the  idea  of 
their  being  limited  to  growing  lettuce,  radishes  or 
getting  a  month  or  so's  start  of  your  neighbor  in  fine 
stocky  tomato  plants,  or  growing  ready  to  bloom  pansies. 


Our 

Reason 


To  Set  You 
Straight 


Cold 
Frames 


Cold  Frames  filled  with  newly  transplanted 
violets.  The  slatted  frames  to  the  left  show  the 
best  way  of  shading.  Further  along  in  the 
garden,  beside  the  north  fence,  are  six  more  frames 
with  Swiss  chard,  lettuce  and  radishes.  The 
radishes  will  be  ready  in  another  week  (Oct.  30), 
lettuce  and  chard  in  three  weeks. 


Th, 


Storage  Frames  of  Wm.  McCleary,  Amster- 
dam, N.  Y.  They  are  six  feet  deep,  with 
masonry  walls.  Here  he  protects  through  the  cold 
months  hydrangeas,  dormant  roses,  semi-hardy 
palms  and  many  other  plants  that  beautify  his 
stoops  and  grounds  durmg  the  Summer.  In  the 
upper  end  violets  are  raised  all  the  wmter  through. 
The  slat  frame  you  see  leaning  against  the  sash  is 
used  to  shade  the  violets  the  first  few  weeks  after 
transplanting. 


Hot 
Beds 


Sub 
Frames 


Storage 
Frames 


NOW,  there  are  many  different  ways  of  using 
frames,    but    the    construction   is   practically 
the  same,  only  in  the  case  of  hot  beds  it  is 
necessary  to  have  a  sub  frame  which  con- 
tains the  manure. 

We  make  durable  sub  frames  of  2-inch  lumber  with 
strong  corner  posts.  As  every  hot  bed  requires  sub 
frames,  it's  more  convenient  to  order  them  with  sash 
and  other  frames,  and  have  them  arrive  at  your  place 
the  same  time  and  be  all  ready  to  set  up.  (See  prices 
on  page  2  1 .) 

Storage  pits  are  made  horn  4  to  6  feet  deep,  either 
of  stone  or  brick.  Here  are  stored  through  the  cold 
months  dormant  roses,  hydrangeas  and  such  semi- 
hardy  plants,  keepmg  them  strong  and  healthy,  ready 
to  start  right  off  in  the  early  spring,  so  adding  to  the 
immediate  beauty  of  your  grounds  and  giving  that 
satisfaction  which  comes  with  having  defeated  nature 
in  her  annual  autumn  tour  of  destruction. 


Page     Four 


WE  know  a  lot  of  people  who  with  just 
a  simple  cold  frame  —  which  is  used 
part  of  the  year  as  a  hot  bed  -have 
lettuce,  radishes,  parsley,  pansies,  violets 
and  many  other  things,  pretty  much  all  the  year  round. 
When  the  gray,  tedious  winter  is  in  full  grasp,  crispy 
lettuce  and  appetizing  radishes  make  one  forget  dis- 
agreeable things. 

One  of  our  cold  frame  friends  has  Swiss  chard  greens 
from  June  to  June.  He  says  not  half  the  people  who 
grow  things  know  what  Swiss  chard  is  ;  but  it's  only 
one  of  the  beet  family  gone  to  head.  A  sort  of  "  cut 
and  come  again  "  greens. 

If  you  are  going  into  this  thing  in  a  modest  way  at 
the  start,  then  get  all  the  joy  you  can  by  doing  pretty 
much  the  whole  work  yourself.  To  dig  in  them, 
watering  and  enriching  the  growing  things,  gathering 
the  rewards  of  your  labor,  and  finally  bringing  with  it 
all  that  unalloyed  something  —  (be  it  pleasure,  the 
knowledge  of  having  wrested  treasures  from  nature 
against  her  will,  or  what),  which  repays  many  times 
all  trouble  and  care.  Then  if  you  are  accustomed  to 
buy  these  luxuries,  the  profit  side  will  prove  itself  most 
conclusively.  "  Fresh  from  my  own  frames  "  —  you 
will  enjoy  making  that  statement  —  not  to  mention  the 
superiority  of  their  freshness. 


All  the 
Year 


Greens 


Do  it 
Yourself 


Freshness 


:^?^!'^S^?^?'%=;|??«^«T^«t?^5^;. 


Section  of  Storage  Pit  with  cypress  frame  and 
movable  sash  restmg  on  the  cast  iron  sills  which 
cap  the  masonry  walls. 


Sugges- 
tions 


Books 


A  Few  Suggestions  and 
Some  Facts 


E 


hard 


VERY  frame  grower  has  particular  views 
on  soils,  fertilizers,  propagating  and  grow- 
ing. Views  that  are  the  results  of  expe- 
rience. There  is  no  use  trying  to  give  you 
and  fast  rules  for  managing  frames  any  more 
than  for  making  money.  It  is  results  you  are  after ! 
We  will  only  attempt  to  get  at  some  sort  of  basis 
for  your  start  off.  These  brief  suggestions  that  follow 
are  from  an  old  frame  grower,  and  at  least  carry  with 
them  the  plea  of  having  given  him  success.  You  or 
your  gardener  friend  may  take  exception  to  his 
methods.  We  would  say,  have  long  talks  with  your 
gardener  friend,  his  way  of  doing  things  will  possess 
the  advantage  of  having  given  good  results  in  your 
particular  section  of  the  country  —  a  mighty  important 
thing,  too,  by  the  way. 

There  are  many  splendidly  written  books  that  go  into 
every  possible  detail.  Perhaps  you  would  rather  get 
your  "  how  to  "  that  way.  We  shall  be  glad  to  sug- 
gest such  books  as  we  feel  will  help  you. 


pnTOfiiiiiiii 


Heated  Frames  attached  to  the  Green- 
house. —  These  frames  have  bricked  up  sides. 
At  time  of  taking  photo  (Oct.  20),  was  used  as  a 
hot  bed  and  filled  with  lettuce.  Later  on  heat  is 
supplied  from  the  greenhouse  boiler  by  hot  water 
pipes  around  the  frame,  carrying  them  right  through 
the  winter.  This  snug  arrangement  of  frames, 
greenhouse  and  stable,  is  owned  by  A.  J.  Morgan, 
of  Larchmont,  N.  Y.  For  section  detail  of  tliese 
masonry  frames  see  peige  9. 


START   with   the   best  possible  soil,  the  freer      The  Soil 
from    lumps,    and    the  finer  —  the  better  the 
results.     Do  not  think  you  can  make  any  soil 
do,  if  made  rich  enough.     Mere  richness  of 
soil  will  not  compensate  for  other  defects. 

Fertilize  the  prepared  soil  by  forking  it  over  and  over      Fertilizer 
a  foot  deep  at  least,  and  at  the  same  time  mixing  with 
it  thoroughly  rotted  manure.     For  direct  seeding,  sift 
on  top  one  and  a  half  inches  loamy  soil. 


Section  of  hot  bed  showing  sub  frame,  proportion 
of  manure  and  soil,  besides  the  banking  for  frost 
protection. 


For  the  hot  bed,  two  to  two  and  a  half  feet  of  fresh 
horse  manure  for  winter  use,  while  for  spring,  half 
that  depth. 

Mix  the  manure  with  one-third  leaves  which  keeps  it 
from  burning  by  too  rapid  fermentation  and  destroying 
its  heatmg  qualities  at  the  start.  Tramp  down  hard  — 
leave  sash  off  three  days  before  planting  and  until  a 
thermometer  plunged  into  the  mixture  shows  90*^ ; 
this  allows  the  excess  of  ammonia  to  escape.  Now 
place  9  inches  of  soil  on  top. 

In  transplanting  young  plants  in  the  fall  or  spring  when 
the  direct  rays  of  the  sun  are  rather  hot,  slats  are 
necessary  to  shade  them.  They  serve  not  alone  to 
prevent  wilting  but  encourage  the  first  growth  to  be 
with  the  roots  and  not  shoot  up  all  to  leaves.  Don't 
try  to  rush  nature  too  hard  for  you  will  certainly  reap 
a  brand  of  leggy,  shallow-rooted  plants. 


Hot  Beds 

How  to 
Prepare 
Them 


Slats 


You  can't  use  frames  successfully  without  mats 
and  shutters.  The  mat  will  unroll  of  itself, 
and  the  shutter  is  so  light  to  handle,  it's  but  a 
minute's   work   to    effectually  shut  out  the  frost. 


Ventilation 


Banking 


Mats 


Shutters 


o 


N  the  matter  of  ventilation  much  depends, 
so  make  up  your  mind  to  give  it  careful 
attention.  In  general  terms,  keep  the  tem- 
perature as  nearly  even  as  possible  —  too 
hot  IS  perhaps  worse  than  too  cold,  as  your  plants  then 
become  soft  and  spindling.  Strength  is  what  you  are 
after. 

When  the  first  continued  freezing  snap  comes,  bank 
the  frames  around  the  outside  with  a  foot  of  manure, 
leaves  or  straw.  Cover  this  banking  with  3  or  4  inches 
of  soil,  which  serves  both  to  keep  the  possible  litter 
m  place  and  forms  sort  of  a  crust  for  added  defence. 

For  violets,  pansies,  etc.,  you  will  also  need  the  further 
protection  of  cold  frame  mats,  which  go  over  the  top 
of  the  glass.  These  mats  are  made  of  strong  burlap 
bagging,  warmly  lined  with  waste  wool  and  cotton, 
which  IS  quilted  in  to  hold  in  position,  while  the  ends 
are  bound  with  strong  canvas,  making  them  exceed- 
ingly warm  and  durable. 

Upon  these  mats  place  what  the  gardeners  call 
shutters.  They  tell  us  that  5  s-inch  thick  wood  for 
the  shutters  is  —  "  Plenty  thick  enough  and  makes 
them  less  bulky  to  handle." 


Page     Eight 


So  we  make  them  of  -''  s-lnch  narrow  ceiling 
boards,  grooved  and  tongued  together, 
forming  tigfit  joints,  wfiile  the  cross  binders, 
or  cleats,  hold  together  and  strengthen  them, 
making  a  very  light  but  durable  shutter.  (Prices  on 
page  22.  >  The  mats  fit  snugly  on  the  frames, 
keepmg  out  the  cold,  while  the  shutters  hold  the 
mats  m  place  and  protect  them  from  ram  or  snow. 
In  cold  frames  the  thmg  to  prevent  is  freezing  and 
thawing. 

Most  plants  need  plenty  of  encouragement,  but  care 
must  be  taken  not  to  over  feed  (all  a  pure  matter  of 
judgment  depending  on  the  condition  of  your  plants). 
Once  every  ten  days  is  a  safe  direction.  Keep  the 
water  off  the  leaves.  Make  in  proportion  of  half  a 
bushel  of  thoroughly  rotted  manure  to  a  barrel 
of  water. 


Shutters 


Manure 
Water 


Section  of  Frame  Attached  to  Greenhouse 

at  the  southerly  exposure  and  adapted  to  the 
growth  of  violets,  lettuce,  etc.  It  illustrates  our 
cast  iron  sills  capping  the  masonry ;  cypress 
frames  and  movable  sash.  That  ice  board  at 
the  top  between  the  wall  and  sash  catches  the 
icicles  that  fall  from  the  greenhouse  roof.  See 
exterior  on  page  6. 


Some  Vegetable  Hints 


To  Start 


Lettuce 


Pay  for 

Your  Sash 

in  One  Crop 


T 


HIS  may  be  your  first  cold  frame  experience, 
so  better  start  with  some  of  the  simpler 
things  first,  such  as  lettuce,  radishes,  Swiss 
chard,  parsley,  etc. 

Lettuce  planted  every  two  weeks  will  give  complete 
rotation  of  crop ;  or  by  planting  at  the  same  time 
Tennis  Ball,  Boston  Market  and  Big  Boston,  they 
will  rotate  in  order  named.  Take  for  instance  a 
two  sash  frame,  measuring  6x6  feet ;  it  will  accom- 
modate 8  rows  of  lettuce  one  way  and  8  the  other 
—  64  plants  m  all — yielding  sufficient  for  a  small 
family  for  a  month.  That  is,  two  heads  a  day — two 
big,  solid,  crispy  heads.  Let's  figure  it  out : — 64 
heads  at  40  cents  a  pound,  or  1 0  cents  a  head, 
would  cost  you  $6.40,  if  bought  of  the  grocer — 
nearly  as  much  as  you  paid  for  two  sashes. 
Now,  if  you  had  thought  to  sow  radishes  and  a  few 
of  the  small  white  onions  between  the  rows,  after  the 
plants  were  a  full  inch  high,  you  would  have  doubled 
the  results  without  injury  to  the  lettuce.  It's  just  this 
kind  of  management  and  "  recropping "  as  it  were, 
that  makes  these  frames  a  regular  mine  of  good  things. 
Radishes,  Swiss  chard,  lettuce  and  parsley  can  be 
planted  so  as  to  begin  producing  where  your  garden 
leaves  off,  giving  bountiful  returns  all  through  the 
winter  and  spring. 


Here's  a  thorough  business  proposition  showing 
sashes  and  hundreds  of  feet  of  frames.  The  owner 
makes  a  snug  sum  out  of  them  each  year  and 
gets    a    lot    of    pleasure — not    buyable — besides. 


Ten 


Frames  to  Help  the  Garden.  —  Here  is  the 
garden  walk,  fence  and  all!  The  frames  are  filled 
with  tomatoes  staked  up,  six  to  a  sash  and  grown 
from  seed  sown  early  in  February.  With  the  aid 
of  the  hot  bed  and  no  transplantmg  shock  to  set 
them  back,  six  weeks  was  gained.  You  can  do 
the  same  with  corn,  melons  and  cucumbers. 


IN  February,  seeds  for  tomato  plants,  cauliflower, 
egg  plants,  etc.,  may  be  planted,  giving  good 
strong  growths  for  the  garden  early  in  the  spring. 

Some  do  not  transplant  the  tomatoes  at  all,  but 
just  leave  them  right  in  the  frame  to  grow  there  all 
summer.  This  will  give  you  several  weeks  the  start 
of  the  other  fellow.  There  are  at  least  1  7  kinds  of 
vegetables  you  can  grow,  but  it's  certainly  worth 
while  to  devote  at  least  one  of  your  beds  to  tomatoes. 
"  Every  day  you  gain  on  tomatoes  before  August  1  st, 
is  clear  profit,  because  no  matter  when  a  tomato  plant 
begins  to  bear  it  will  continue  to  do  so  until  killed 
by  frost." 

Besides  planting  them  from  the  beds  in  February 
there  is  a  method  of  trimming  and  training  them  so 
each  vine  will  give  complete  rotation.  By  this  method 
you  can  have  tomatoes  along  through  Thanksgiving 
time   and   with   good  luck,   even  on  Christmas  day. 

Try  placing  portable  frames  over  your  asparagus  or 
rhubarb  early  in  the  spring,  it  will  give  it  a  full 
month's  start.  After  your  first  year's  experience,  try 
growing  to  fruit,  cucumbers  and  melons. 


Garden 
Planting  Out 

Tomatoes 


For 

Thanksgiving 
and 
Christmas 

Asparagus 
and  Rhubarb 


El( 


Certain  Flower  Possibilities 


THE  flower  gamut  is  so  large  and  so  alluring 
it  is  really  hard  to  know  where  to  start  or 
stop.       The     very     choicest    foxglove    and 
larkspur    can    be   raised,    with    no    end    of 
pansies,  violets,  English  daisies,  polyanthus,  primroses, 
and  even  chrysanthemums.     If  your  tea  roses  are  not 
hardy,  store  them  in  your  frame  all  winter. 

A       Perhaps  you  are  especially  fond   of  annuals  and  have 

Longer      always  wished  their  season  longer,   then  here  is  just 

Season      your  chance :   plant  in  the  frames  any  time  between 

for      April    1  st  and    1 0th,  China  asters,  stocks,  mangolds. 

Annuals      verbenas,  fortunias,  zinnias,  shasta  daisies,   etc.     Sow 

m  shallow  drills  8  inches  apart.      In  a  two  sash  frame 

eight  drills  can  be  made  8  inches  apart,  or  a  total  of 

about  50  feet.     Twenty-four  seedlings  may  easily  be 

raised  in  every  foot  —  a  total  of  1200  plants.     At 

the  outside  (allowing  for  so-called  "choice  packets"). 

Some  to      your  seeds  didn't  cost  over  $2.00.      Rather  bountiful 

Give  Away      returns  for  so  small  an  investment.     Some  moist,  dull 

Besides      ^^y  transplant  them ;  give  some  to  your  neighbors, 

get  your  stoop  and  window  boxes  started. 

Concerning      ^^  t^i^  early  starting  phase,  don't  forget  cosmos.     It 

Cosmos      ^'1'    ^^^^    ^^^^    unhappy  experience  of  seeing    your 

beautiful    towering    plants   so  full  of  bloom  promise, 

blackened     by     an     early    frost  —  all    your    hopes 

shattered. 


Help  the  Greenhouse.  —  These  chrysanthe- 
mums are  now  about  ready  to  take  in  the  green- 
house for  disbudding  and  forcing.  Placed  as  the 
frames  are  in  the  L  of  the  carriage  house  the 
protection  is  almost  ideal. 


Page     Twelve 


Frames  that  take  the  place  of  the  Green- 
house. This  man  devotes  all  his  8-sash  frames 
lo  violets,  and  his  family  are  never  v^'ithout  them 
from  October  to  April.  The  position,  facing 
south,  with  a  protecting  fence  and  shrubbery  at 
the  north,  is  excellent.  Note  the  manner  of  ven- 
tilating. When  picture  was  taken,  wind  blew 
strongly  from  the  west  and  tilting  of  sash  in  this 
manner  also  served  as  a  protection.  Shutters  are 
leaning  against  the  fence. 


SUCCESS  with  violets  is  almost  a  "  knack,"  but 
you  may  have  just  that  "  knack." 
This  sweet  scented  messenger  of  peace  stands 
third    in    commercial    importance ;    its    season 
lasting  through  seven  months,  blooming  from  October 
to  middle  of  April. 

Prof.  Galloway  in  his  book  on  violet  culture  gives  the 
following  varieties : 

We  have  named  them   in  the  order  of  their 
popularity.  Single  ones  stand  more  cold. 


Violets 


DOUBLE 

SINGLE 

Marie  Louisa 

California 

Farquhar 

Princess  de  Gallt 

Imperial 

Lux  on-me 

New  York 

La  France 

White  Czar 

Ransom's  White 

Violet 
Varieties 


We  never  think  of  pansies  without  likening  them  to 

the  human  face.      They  always  appeal  in  a  sort  of 

personal  way.    The  derivation  from  the  French  word 

pensee,  meaning  thought,  seems  most  fitting. 

The  old  folks  name  "  hearts-ease "   is  a  romance  in 

itself. 


Pansies 


Thirteen 


More 

About 

Pansies 


Bulbs 


P 


ANSIES  are 
perennials,  but 
are  most  pro- 
ductive as  winter 
or  spring  annuals.  The 
sowing  of  seed  in  cold 
frames  during  August 
will  give  you  strong,  ready 
to  bloom  plants  for  set- 
ting out  early  in  April. 

Then  there  are  bulbs ; 
what  a  plucky  lot  these 
early  spring  friends  are 
in  their  first  color  notes  of 
cheer  and  promise;  sort 
of  ground  rainbows  as  it 
were  with  promises  that 
gusty  March  has  spent  its 
force.  It  is  now  that  the 
cold  frame  will  give  you 


Thispholotaken  February  22d. 
Seeds  were  sown  in  cold  frames 
August  5th.  This  date  for 
planting  pansies  in  frames  is 
quite  the  most  satisfactory. 
You  can  transplant  them  to 
the  hot  beds  in  December  and 
saucy  faces  will  be  in  bloom 
for  Christmas  day. 


an  amateur  spring. 

When  purchasing  your  bulbs,  avoid"  mixed  varieties;" 
they  are,  at  the  best,  job  lots  so  combined  for  ready 
disposal.  Buy  from  dealers  you  know  to  be  reliable 
— an  experiment  frequently  means  a  year  lost — and 
money. 

Their  planting  in  cold  frames  middle  of  October  gives 
full  bloom  last  of  February. 

Or  better  yet  plant  in  cold  frames  in  regular  bulb 
pots  and  cover  with  foot  of  dirt.  Do  this  as  soon  as 
the  bulbs  can  he  bought  in  August  and  make  succes- 
sive plantings  every  two  weeks  up  to  November. 
Leave  them  undisturbed  for  at  least  eight  weeks  to 
make  the  much  desired  root  growth.  Cover  with 
shutters  frosty  nights;  when  freezing  comes  put  on 
sash  also.  When  you  unearth  each  planting  you  will 
find  they  have  formed  a  perfect  mass  of  roots  and 
thrown  up  3-inch  white  leaf  sprouts ;  now  place 
them  in  hot  beds  half  submerging  each  pot.  Shade 
the  first  week  or  till  leaves  are  good  green.  For  the 
final  week  remove  to  living  room  window  where  they 
will  bloom  abundantly  giving  you  of  their  cheer  and 
joyousness  from  Thanksgiving  day  till  the  middle  of 
February  or  first  of  March. 


F  o  u  r  t  e  en 


Some  Good  Positions  for 
Frames 

You  will  see  that  all  the  frames  are  placed 
free  from  the  wall  or  building,  giving  space 
on  both  sides.  This  arrangement  makes  it 
more  convenient  to  take  care  of  them. 
However,  lack  of  space  often  necessitated  placing 
frames  against  wall  or  buildings  as  shown  in  the 
previous  illustrations.  Note  also  that  the  sash  all  slope 
towards  the  south  giving  the  plants  direct  sunshine. 


Four  frames  —  both 
not  and  cold  — serving 
to  help  the  green- 
house and  the  garden. 
Used  in  connection 
with  one  of  our 
amateur  houses.  It's 
surprising  what  this 
man  does  with  his 
frames  and  yet  has  a 
greenhouse. 


?dA.c;cr' Hou&t  ■ 


"3  r 


wm 


An  almost  ideal  arrangement  protected  on  one 
side  by  the  carriage  house,  the  other  by  the  green- 
house and  having  a  southern  and  eastern  exposure. 


5> 


tiSS5^^£^^<£ 


offllal 


? — u 

i 


These  frames  are  used  to  help  the  garden  and  are 
placed  near  the  "  garden  wall "  keeping  off  the 
cold  north  blasts. 


Page     Fifteen 


A  Table  to  Help 

FLO 


Variety 

When  to  Sow  Seed                        j 

When  to  Set 

Hot  Bed 

Outdoors 

Out  Plants 

Asters  (China) 

March  to  May 

May  10  to 
June  15 

May  15  to 
June  15 

Calendula  (Pot  Marigold) 

April  to  May 

May  1  to 
June  15 

May  1  5  to 
June  1  5 

Carnation  (Marguerite) 

April  to  May 

May  20  to 
June  15 

Chrysanthemum  (Annual) 

April  to  May 

May  1  to 
June  1 

May  15  to 
June  1  5 

Cosmos  (Early) 

April  to  May 

May   15  to 
June  1 

May  15  to 
June  1 5 

Dahlia 

March  to  May 

May  15  to 
June  1  5 

Hollyhock 

April  to  May 

June  15  to 
Aug.  15 

May  1  to 
June  15 

Larkspur  (Annual) 

April  to  May 

May  10  to 
June  15 

May  15  to 
June  1  5 

Nasturtiums 

March  to  May 

j        May  1  to 
June  15 

May  15  to 
June  15 

Pansy 

April  to  May, 
July  to  Oct. 

July  to  Oct. 

April  and 
September 

Phlox 

March  to  May 

May  to  June 

May  15  to 
June  15 

FOR  FLOWERS— This  table  holds  good  for  outdoor  planting  in  Massachusetts,  Rho( 
Vermont  and  Maine  it  should  be  hgured  three  weeks  later.  For  Connecticut,  New  Yor 
All  of  the  middle  western  states  can  be  figured  the  same  as  New  \'ork,  but  all  states  sout 
ward.  The  depth  to  plant  is  not  given,  as  such  directions  often  are  misleading.  Small  s 
times  their  size. 


V  E  G  E 


Variety 

When  to  Sow  Seed 

When  to  Set        Depth  See 

Out  Started          Should  Be 

Plants                      Sown 

Hot  Bed 

Outdoors 

Brussels  Sprouts 
Cauliflower,  Early 

Celery 

Cucumber 

Eggplant 

Lettuce 

Muskmelon 

Parsley 

Pepper 

Radish 

Tomato 

April 

April  to 
May 

April 

April 

March  to 
May 

March  to 
April 
April  to 
May 
March  to 
May 
March  to 
April 

March  to 
April 

February 
to  April 

May 

May 

May 

May  to 
June 

May  to 
August 
May  to 
June 

May 

May 

April  to 
May 

May 

May  to                 I     ■     k 
,     •'                      's  inch 
June 

May                    Is  inch 

July                     Js  inch 

May  to                1/  •     L 
,     ■'                      >  inch 
June 

June                      '4   inch 

^^y  '^                 -4   inch 
August 

May  to                   Ik 
,     •'              1           1  inch 
June 

May                      '2  inch 

June                       '4   inch 

1         '  ■>  inch 

!       ■' 

M^y  '0                 .,   inch 
June 

FOR  VEGETABLES  —The  dates  given  in  the  table  above  apply  to  the  vicinity  of  1 
be  done  three  weeks  later.  This  holds  good  for  sowing  out-of-doors  or  transplantmg  ou 
For  Connecticut,  New  York.  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania  it  should  be  figured  three  \ 
York,  but  all  states  south  of  Pennsylvania  should  be  figured  twelve  days  in  advance  for  • 


Pages     Sixtei 


f  ou  in 

E  R  S 


Spring  Planting 


Distance  to 
Transplant 

Height  of 
Plants 

Season  of   Bloom 

Color  of  Bloom 

9  inches 

1  to  3  feet 

July  to  October 

White,  pink,  red,  lavender, 
purple,  yellow 

6  inches 

9  inches 

June  to  October 

Yellow,  orange 

6  inches 

P,  feet 

August  to  October 

White,  pmk,  red,  yellow 

6  inches 

1  ',  feet 

July  to  October 

White,  yellow,  deep  red 

12  inches 

2",  feet 

July  to  September 

White,  pink,  red 

3  feet 

4  feet 

Augus;t  to  October 

White,  yellow,  pink,  red 

15  inches 

5  to  7  feet 

August 

Red,  white,  yellow,  pink 
maroon 

6  inches 

15  inches 

June  to  September 

Red,  white,  pink,  blue 

6  inches 

1  and  10  feet 

June  to  October 

Yellow,  red,  orange,  pink, 
crimson 

6  inches 

6  inches 

April  to  October 

All  colors 

6  inches 

I  -2  feet 

July  to  October 

Red,  white,  pink,  yellow 

nd  and  the  southern  part  of  New  Hampshire.  For  the  northern  part  of  New  Hampshire, 
w  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania  it  should  be  figured  three  weeks  ahead  of  the  time  given  here, 
'ennsylvania  should  be  figured  twelve  days  in  advance  for  every  one  hundred  miles  soulh- 
Kould  not  be  covered  at  all.     The  rule  for  the  larger  seeds  is  to  bury  them  to  a  depth  four 


>L  B  L  E  S 

Distance               Distance 

Apart  in  the        between  the 

Row                      Rows 

Distances  When  Planted 
in  Hills  or  Drills 

Amount  of               Season  of 

Between 
Drills 

Between 
Hills 

Seed  Required               Crop 

18  inches            2  feet 
24  inches             4  feet 
10  inches            3  feet 

8  inches               24  inches 
12  inches             18  inches 

8  inches               15  inches 
2  feet                    3  feet 

2  inches                10  inches 

3  feet                   3  feet 

12  inches 

18  inches 

3  feet 
12  inches 
3  feet 

4  feet 

5  feet 

3  feet 

I  ounce  for 
2000  plants 
1   ounce  for 
2000  plants 
1  ounce  for 
2000  plants 
3  plants  in 
hill 

1  ounce  for 
1000  plants 
I   ounce  for 
120  feet 
1 0  seeds  or  3 
plants  in  hill 
1  ounce  for 
150  feet 
\  ounce  for 
2000  plants 
1   ounce  for 
100  feet 
1   ounce  for 
1000  plants 

October 

July 

Sept.  through 
Winter 

Aug.  to  Oct. 
Aug.  to  Sept. 
June  to  Oct. 
Aug.  to  Oct. 
June  to  Oct. 
Aug.  to  Sept. 
May  to  Oct. 
Aug.  to  Oct. 

and  all  the  southern  part  of  .New  England.  In  Northern  New  England,  planting  should 
3ors.  For  starting  seeds  in  the  house,  this  table  holds  good  for  the  entire  eastern  slates, 
ihead  of  Boston  time.  All  of  the  middle  western  stales  can  be  figured  the  same  as  New 
Jne  hundred  miles  southward. 


nd     Seventeen 


Sash  and  the  Way  We 
Make  Them 


SASH    are   reg- 
ular stock  size, 
3x6  feet,  1  ^  2 
inches    thick, 
spaced      for      1 0-inch 
glass. 

The  frame  is  made 
from  Red  Gulf  Cy- 
press, free  from  sap, 
consisting  of  top  and 
bottom  rails,  each  4 
inches  wide,  side  stiles 
2  Yi  inches,  bars  1  ]% 
inches  thick. 
Stiles,  top  rails  and 
bars  are  neatly  beveled 
on  under  side,  admit- 
ting extra  light. 
Bars  tenoned  at  both 
ends  and  mortised  into 
rails,  the  latter  into  the 
stiles. 

A  round  iron  bar  runs 

through  the  sash  bars  into  side  stiles  tying  the  sash 
through  the  center,  and  supporting  the  wood  bars. 
All  joints  are  perfectly  fitted,  white  leaded  when  put 
together,  and  securely  tied  with  special  barbed  steel 
dowel  pins. 

Edges  of  sash  are  fitted  to  exact  sizes  so  no  further 
carpenter  work  or  painting  is  required.  Painted  with 
two  coats  of  pure  white  lead,  and  glazed  with  double 
thick  glass,  bedded  in  special  greenhouse  putty  and 
then  carefully  cleaned  off.  Weight  40  pounds;  light 
to  handle. 
Made  in    every   way   just  the   best   we    know    how. 


This  is  the  Sash  in 
all  its  strength  of  make 
and  lightness  to  handle. 


Page     Eighteen 


Prices  of  These  Sash 


T 


HE  extensive  use  of  our  sash  by  private 
gardeners,  florists  and  parks,  speaks  a  strong 
word  in  their  favor. 


Sash,  3x6  feet,  finished  and  painted  complete  Dash 

as  described,  $3  50 

Sash,  3x6  feet,  with  finished  edges,  unglazed, 

painted  one  coat,  1   40 

Sash,  3x6  feet,  with  finished  edges,  unglazed 

and  unpainted,  1   25 


Prices  include  crating  and  delivery  f.  o.  b.  our 
factory.      For  terms  see  page  24. 

All  orders  will  be  promptly  filled.  We  make  a  freight 
allowance  on  orders  of  ten  or  more  Sash,  with  or 
without  Hot  Bed  Frames,  to  your  R.  R.  Station, 
but  not  exceeding  forty  cents  per  hundred  pounds. 
This  rate  will  cover  freight  to  most  points  in  the 
Eastern  and  Middle  States. 


Freight 
Allowance 


Here  are  the  Sash 

thoroughly  crated  for 
shipment  and  sure  to 
reach  you  in  good  con- 
dition. 


Page     Nineteen 


The  Frames  and  the   Way 
We  Make  Them 


Here  is  a  frame  in  position  ready  to  bolt  up 


How 
Made 


Ease  of 
Set  Up 


H 


'  OT  bed  frames  are  for  regular  3x6  feet 
sash.  We  make  our  frames  of  1  /^.-mch 
thick,  red  Gulf  Cypress,  free  from  sap. 
Depth  of  frame  m  front  8  inches,  at  back 
1 6  inches.  The  corners  joined  together  by  angle 
iron  cleats,  securely  bolted  to  sides  and  ends. 
Rails  between  sash  3x3  mch  Cypress,  rabbetted 
for  sash,  grooved  for  drip  and  dovetailed  into  the 
sides. 

The  angle  iron  in  the  corners  make  a  strong, 
durable  frame,  while  bolting  and  dovetailing  render  it 
unnecessary  to  employ  a  mechanic  to  set  them  up  or 
take  down.  Any  one  who  can  bolt  a  thing  can  do  it. 
This  feature  makes  it  convenient  for  shipment  or 
storage  when  not  in  use. 

Frames  are  carefully  finished  and  painted  with  two 
coats  of  pure  white  lead.     Packed  knocked  down. 


A  Four  Sash  Frame.  —  Bolted  up  ready  for 
business  —  the  other  two  sash  not  out  of  crate  yet 


Page    Twenty 


Prices  of  These  Frames 


Frames  for  two  3x6  feet  sash  (without  sash),                    Frames 
finished    and  painted,    complete    as   de- 
scribed, each  $  7  50 

3  Sash  Frames  9  00 

4  Sash  Frames  10  50 

5  Sash  Frames  1  2  00 
*  Partitions,  extra  1  50 

Prices  for  other  sizes  of  Frames  given  on  application. 

We  keep  these  Frames,  of  the  size  above  mentioned, 
constantly  on  hand. 

*  Partitions  can  be  placed  under  any  rafter, 
making    as    many     divisions    as    desired. 

Sub   Frames  are  made    1 8    inches    deep    of  Sub 

2-inch  lumber  and  strong  corner  posts.  Frames 

For  2  Sash,  each  $  6  00 

For  3  Sash  7   50 

For  4  Sash  9  00 

For  5  Sash  10   50 

F.  O.  B.  our  factory.     For  terms  see  page  24. 


Four  Glazed  Sash  crated  thoroughly  to  protect 
glass ;  and  the  frames  knocked  down,  packed 
ready  to  ship. 


Page     Twenty-one 


Shutters 


Burlap 
Mats 


Slats 


Shutters,  Mats  and  Slats 

For  Hot  Beds  and  Cold  Frames 


S' 


When  Jack  Frost  is  lurking  around  put  on 
your  mats  and  shutters.  This  shows  the  mat  on, 
and  one  shutter  already  in  place. 

HUTTERS  are  3  feet  wide  by  6  feet  long, 
constructed  of  5^-inch  material,  tongued, 
grooved  and  closely  fitted  to  keep  out  rain. 
Suitably  strengthened  by  cross  binders  or 
cleats  and  painted  two  coats.  These  shutters  are 
light  to  handle,  strong  and  well  made  and  used  exten- 
sively by  the  leading  gardeners. 

Price,  each  -p-  '^^ 

F.  O.  B.  our  factory.  2  75 

Mats  are  made  of  strong  burlap  bagging,  warmly 
lined  with  waste  wool  and  cotton  which  is  quilted  in 
to  hold  position.  They  are  excellent  substitutes  for 
straw  mats,  being  much  warmer,  because  they  lay 
closer  to  the  sash.  They  are  more  easily  handled, 
less  bulky,  do  not  harbor  mice  or  other  vermin. 
3x6  feet  for  single  sash  $1    00 

6x6  feet  for  2  sash  1    25 

Slats  are  3  feet  wide  by  6  feet  long,  and  made  of 
evenly  spaced  cypress  pieces  34 -inch  wide,  /^.-inch 
thick,  each  held  in  place  and  braced  by  three  cross 
binders  ^-inch  square  which  are  cut  in  to  receive 
each  piece  and  then  securely  fastened  with  wire  nails. 
Slats  made  in  this  manner  although  light  are  of  great 
strength  and  always  continue  to  keep  their  shape. 
Unpainted  $1  00 

Painted  1   25 


The  all  Cypress  sl< 


Page     T w e n t y - t w o 


Just  to  show  you  that  this  cold  frame  or  hot  bed  matter 

IS  one  of  tremendous  possibilities  and  not  a  mere 

fad  or  hobby  for  a  season  or  so. 


Frames  and  sash  at  a  private  estate 
Jamaica  Plains,  Mass. 


This  "  frame  yard  "  has  hot  beds,  cold  frames,  and 
storage  pits.  Not  an  unusual  instance  of  their 
importance  in  adding  greatly  to  the  greenhouse  results 


Made  deeper  than  usual,  filling  the  triple  use  of 
hot  beds,  cold  and  storage  frames.  These  are  at 
Forest  Hill  Cemetery,  Mass. 


Page     Twenty-three 


Concerning  the  Matter  of 
Payments 

When  parties  are  not  rated, 
and  we  have  not  had  the 
pleasure  of  doing  business 
with  them  before,  there  is 
necessarily  considerable  time 
taken  in  looking  up  their 
credit  which  delays  getting 
the  order  started  in  the  fac- 
tory. We  make  a  discount 
of  2%  for  cash.  When 
sending  order  without  cash 
kindly  give  us  a  satisfactory 
business  reference. 


Page    Twenty -four 


The  Lean-to  House 


HERE  IS  an  outside  and  inside  view  of  our 
lean-to  greenhouse,  complete  with  plant 
beds,  ventilating  and  heating  apparatus,  etc. 
Simple  in  design  and  inexpensive,  but  full 
of  possibilities — and  a  whole  lot  of  fun  besides. 
The  way  owners  of  these  lean-to  greenhouses  get  to 
doing  some  of  the  big  things  is  surprising.  Starting 
out  with  the  idea  of  harboring  their  favorite  house 
plants,  raising  a  few  of  the  choicer  things,  and  perhaps 
some  lettuce,  radishes  and  tomato  plants  for  early  set- 
ting out,  it  ends  in  their  getting  into  roses,  carnations, 
chrysanthemums  ;  tomatoes,  melons  and  cucumbers 
from  seed  to  fruit  for  February  delectation.  Some 
have  even  grown  most  exquisite  of  orchids.  We  build 
these  small  houses  with  all  the  care  and  particularity 
that  goes  into  the  larger  ones. 


CeoDi!>ccTioN 


V///W//////////,/^^^^^^^ 


VIOLCT 


CSENCaAL  PLANT  BOOM- 


/ 


^O*  to  4-5' 


r '- — r~i  I 

'Je'Vperdtcii-e  55  to  feo  I 


GeouND  Plam 


Page     Twenty  -fiv< 


Two  Compartment 
Amateur  House 


HERE  is  just  the  sort  of  house  an  amateur 
wants  in  which  to  grow  numerous  flowers, 
fruits  and  vegetables.  Dividing  it  in  two 
compartments  gives  two  temperatures  to 
meet  the  varied  requirements  of  different  plants, 
greatly  increasing  the  kinds  it  is  possible  to  grow. 
This  Amateur  House,  although  cheaper  than  the 
Sectional  Iron  Frame  Construction,  is  substantially 
made  with  best  of  materials  and  strengthened  by 
numerous  iron  members.  It  is  an  every-way  practical 
house,  equipped  with  ventilating  apparatus,  heating 
system  and  three  rows  of  cypress  benches. 


I 


QREENHOUiE  N'a  I   QsjEEMKOUitN'?! 


As  it  looked  the  day  before  Easter.  That  side 
bench  is  filled  with  fruit  laden  tomato  vines, 
that  have  been  bearing  a  full  six  weeks. 


Twenty-six 


One  and  Two 

Compartment  House 

Sectional  Iron  Frame  Construction 

THIS  snug  little  lay  out  is  on  a  private  estate 
at  Irvington-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 
In  its  terraced  position  above  the  garden 
with  the  background  of  poplar  trees  and 
buildings  beyond,  the  effect  is  most  charming. 
It  is  surprising  the  range  of  plants  that  can  be  grown 
in  a  single  compartment  house !  Perhaps  it  requires 
a  bit  more  attention  in  selecting  those  best  adapted 
to  a  general  temperature,  but  the  reward  in  bountiful 
bloom  and  appetizing  vegetables,  amply  repays  it. 


As  it  looked  when  used  for  a  general  assortment. 
Even  a  few  orchids  were  included. 


age     Twenty-seven 


(.Continued 


1  his  spring  ihey  added  another  com- 
partment   especially    for     carnations. 

Last  October  this  house  was  filled  around  the  side 
beds  with  strong,  stocky  carnations  just  showing  bud  ; 
chrysanthemums,  the  cluster  kinds  in  plumey  white- 
ness, and  those  stately,  resplendent  yellow  ones  with 
single  blooms  a  full  5  '  2  inches  across  ;  in  the  center 
beds  two  large,  thrifty,  branching  variety  rubber 
plants ;  some  half  dozen  potted  begonias  with  a  pro- 
fusion of  pink  flower  clusters ;  numerous  other  potted 
plants,  besides  several  strings  of  smilax,  a  couple  of 
palms  and  a  vigorous  asparagus  fern. 
The  old  Scotch  gardener  said  he  raised  all  his  violets, 
pansies,  lettuce,  radishes  and  spinach  in  the  cold 
frames,  just  below  in  the  garden.  This  use  of  frames 
really  added  a  cool  compartment  to  the  greenhouse 
and  permitted  the  exclusive  use  of  the  house  for  plants 
demanding  higher  temperatures. 

After  some  of  the  plants  had  spent  themselves,  he 
expected  to  sow  direct  from  seed  a  few  tomatoes  and 
cucumbers  on  the  east  side  beds.  His  method  of 
trimming  off  all  laterals  induces  the  tomato  plants  to 
yield  clusters  of  fruit  at  each  joint,  in  full  rotation.  He 
also  hoped  to  force  some  azaleas  and  lily  bulbs  for 
Easter.  But  this  is  only  a  glimpse  of  what  you  can  do 
with  one  of  these  houses. 

Now  a  word  on  how  it  is  built :  This  sectional  iron 
frame  construction  of  ours  is  in  brief  the  eliminating  of 


A  section  showing  iron  rafters  and  foot 
pieces;  the  cypress  benches  and  two 
lines  of  ventilation  at  the  ridge. 


Page     Twenty -eight 


'onlinued) 


every  possible  piece  of  wood  and  substituting  for 
it  steel.  This  adds  great  strength  and  durability  while 
making  the  framing  members  so  light  that  all  possible 
sunshine  reaches  your  plants.  Cypress  being  the  most 
enduring  of  wood  it  is  used  where  necessary  in  the 
house. 

All  glazing  is  done  on  wood,  guaranteeing  you  against 
the  expensive  breakage  of  glass  otherwise  resulting 
from  expansion  and  contraction  of  the  iron  when  in 
direct  contact.  The  steel  rafters  are  bolted  to  cast  iron 
foot  pieces  imbedded  in  concrete,  making  a  lasting  and 
much  cheaper  foundation  than  a  masonry  wall.  It  is 
an  every-way  enduring,  splendid  piece  of  construc- 
tion. For  its  further  description  send  for  our  new 
catalog  "  Greenhouses  As  We  Build  Them." 


Just  as  cusp  as  they  look — and  then  the 
fun  of  having  them  in  January  right 
from  your  own  greenhouse. 


Page    Twenty-nine 


Curvili 


urviimear 


H 


ouse 


A  PLEASING  example 
of  a  small  curvilinear 
k  greenhouse,  about 
18x42  feet,  with 
side  entrance  adding  an  attrac- 
tive feature,  and  providing  an 
entrance  from  a  drive  or  walk 
parallel  to  the  greenhouse.  A 
small  potting  room  is  joined  at 
the  back  by  a  narrow  glazed 
passage.      This  house  is  used 

for  general  purposes  —  that  is,  growing  tropical  plants, 
potted  flowers  and  starting  plants  m  the  spring  for  the 
garden  and  grounds.  With  the  heating  plant  cen- 
tralized in  the  boiler-room  at  the  back,  and  the  gables 
of  the  house  built  vertically,  the  addition  of  a  wing  at 
either  end  for  growing  cut  flowers,  vegetables,  etc., 
would  be  simple  and  inexpensive.  Two  small  wings 
thus  added  would  form  a  perfectly  balanced  scheme 
with  three  compartments. 


■I  1 

GENERAL    PLANTS 
16X4  l-S" 

II 

Pa  ge    Thirty 


Some  Other  Things  We  Do 

BUILD  greenhouses  for  the  amateur  from 
the   modest  lean-to  up  to  the  one  with   two 
or  more  compartments  for  growing  flowers  in 
different  temperatures.     These  houses  have  a 
snug  little  potting  room  for  work   bench,   boiler,  etc. 

Then    the  Greenhouses  for  Private  Estates 

from  the  simple  palm  house  and  greenhouse  to  the 
more  elaborate  schemes  with  palm  house  and  houses 
for  roses,  carnations,  gardinias,  peaches,  grapes  and 
so  on  through  the  series  of  a  complete  range. 

Conservatories  meeting  all  the  demands  from 
those  of  simple  dimensions  to  the  elaborate  ones 
forming  a  beautiful  adjunct  to  the  general  architec- 
tural harmony. 

Sun  Parlors  in  all  their  allurements,  not  only  a 
place  to  "  sun  in "  but  veritable  living  rooms,  where, 
surrounded  by  the  luxuriance  of  the  tropics,  the  fra- 
grance of  out  of  season  blossom,  you  can  drink  tea 
with  your  friends  or  have  the  after-dinner  cigar  and 
paper. 

For  the  Commercial  Growers  the  various  types 
of  houses  used  by  growers  for  the  market. 

Ventilating  Apparatus  as  used  in  greenhouses. 

Boilers  and  Piping  for  the  perfect  and  economical 
heating  of  greenhouses. 

Sash  Operating  Apparatus  for  opening  and 
closing  long  or  short  runs  of  sash  in  banks,  public 
buildings,  factories,  power  plants,  etc. 


We  will  gladly  send  catalogs  or  illus- 
trations showing  forth  any  or  all  of 
these    subjects  to  your    convincement 


Lord  &  Burnham  Co. 

Greenhouse  Designers  and  Builders 

1  133  BROADWAY.  NEW  YORK 

Branches 
Boston:   819  Tremont  Building 
Philadelphia:  1 2 1  5  Filbert  Street 

Factory 
Irvington-on-Hudson,   N.  ^  . 


age    Thirty-one 


mmmm'^'^mi'-r;:\ 


